MEDICAMENT POUR LE RHUME, JOUR

AU:C N02AB02(WHO) AU:S8(Controlled drug)BR:Class A1(Narcotic drugs)CA:Schedule IDE:Anlage III(Special prescription form required)NZ:Class BUK:Class AUS:Schedule IIUN:Narcotic Schedule I Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate 57-42-1Y 4058 7221 DB00454Y 3918 9E338QE28F D08343Y CHEBI:6754 ChEMBL607Y DTXSID9023253 Interactive image CCOC(=O)C1(c2ccccc2)CCN(C)CC1 InChI=1S/C15H21NO2/c1-3-18-14(17)15(9-11-16(2)12-10-15)13-7-5-4-6-8-13/h4-8H,3,9-12H2,1-2H3YKey:XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-NY Pethidine, also known asmeperidineand sold under the brand nameDemerolamong others, is a fully syntheticopioidpain medicationof thephenylpiperidineclass.Synthesized in 1938as a potentialanticholinergicagent by the German chemist Otto Eisleb, its analgesic properties were first recognized by Otto Schaumann while working forIG Farben, in Germany.Pethidine is the prototype of a large family of analgesics including the pethidine 4-phenylpiperidines (e.g.,piminodine,anileridine), the prodines (e.g.,alphaprodine,MPPP), bemidones (e.g.,ketobemidone), and others more distant, includingdiphenoxylateand analogues. Pethidine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and is delivered as ahydrochloridesalt in tablets, as a syrup, or byintramuscular,subcutaneous, orintravenous injection. For much of the 20th century, pethidine was the opioid of choice for many physicians; in 1975, 60% of doctors prescribed it for acute pain and 22% for chronic severe pain. It was patented in 1937 and approved for medical use in 1943.Compared withmorphine, pethidine was considered to be safer, carry a lower risk of addiction, and to be superior in treating the pain associated withbiliary spasmorrenal colicdue to its assumedanticholinergiceffects.These were later discovered to be inaccurate assumptions, as it carries an equal risk of addiction and possesses no advantageous effects on biliary spasm or renal colic compared to other opioids. Due to theneurotoxicityof its metabolite,norpethidine, it is more toxic than other opioids—especially during long-term use.The norpethidine metabolite was found to haveserotonergiceffects, so pethidine could, unlike most opioids, increase the risk of triggeringserotonin syndrome.