Chloramphenicol

USDailyMed:Chloramphenicol AU:A D06AX02(WHO)D10AF03(WHO),G01AA05(WHO),J01BA01(WHO),S01AA01(WHO),S02AA01(WHO),S03AA08(WHO),QJ51BA01(WHO) AU:S3(Pharmacist only)CA:℞-onlyUK:P (Pharmacy medicines) / POMUS:℞-only 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide 56-75-7Y 5959 DB00446Y 5744Y 66974FR9Q1 D00104Y CHEBI:17698Y ChEMBL130Y CLM (PDBe,RCSB PDB) DTXSID7020265 Interactive image c1cc(ccc1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)O)[N+](=O)[O-] InChI=1S/C11H12Cl2N2O5/c12-10(13)11(18)14-8(5-16)9(17)6-1-3-7(4-2-6)15(19)20/h1-4,8-10,16-17H,5H2,(H,14,18)/t8-,9-/m1/s1YKey:WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-NY Chloramphenicolis anantibioticuseful for the treatment of a number ofbacterial infections.This includes use as aneye ointmentto treatconjunctivitis.By mouth or byinjection into a vein, it is used to treatmeningitis,plague,cholera, andtyphoid fever.Its use by mouth or by injection is only recommended when safer antibiotics cannot be used.Monitoring both blood levels of the medication and blood cell levels every two days is recommended during treatment. Common side effects includebone marrow suppression, nausea, and diarrhea.The bone marrow suppression may result in death.To reduce the risk of side effects treatment duration should be as short as possible.People with liver or kidney problems may need lower doses.In young infants, a condition known asgray baby syndromemay occur which results in a swollen stomach andlow blood pressure.Its use near the end of pregnancy and during breastfeeding is typically not recommended.Chloramphenicol is abroad-spectrum antibioticthat typicallystops bacterial growthby stopping the production of proteins. Chloramphenicol was discovered after being isolated fromStreptomyces venezuelaein 1947.Its chemical structure was identified and it was first synthesized in 1949. It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.It is available as a generic medication.