KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE INJECTION USP

USDailyMed:Ketorolac AU:C M01AB15(WHO)S01BC05(WHO) AU:S4(Prescription only)CA:℞-onlyUK:POMUS:℞-only (±)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid 74103-06-3N 3826 DB00465Y 3694Y YZI5105V0L D08104Y CHEBI:6129N ChEMBL469Y KTR (PDBe,RCSB PDB) DTXSID8023189 Interactive image O=C(c1ccc2n1CCC2C(=O)O)c3ccccc3 InChI=1S/C15H13NO3/c17-14(10-4-2-1-3-5-10)13-7-6-12-11(15(18)19)8-9-16(12)13/h1-7,11H,8-9H2,(H,18,19)YKey:OZWKMVRBQXNZKK-UHFFFAOYSA-NY Ketorolac, sold under the brand nameToradol,AcularandSprix, among others, is anonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID) used to treat moderate to severepain.Recommended duration of treatment is less than six days,and in Switzerland cannot be more than seven days, or two days when g​​​‍​​‍​​​​‍​​‍‍iven parenterally.It can be taken by mouth, by nose, byinjection into a veinormuscle, and as eye drops.Effects begin within an hour and last for up to eight hours.Ketorolac also hasantipyretic(fever-reducing) properties. Common side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, abdominal pain, swelling, and nausea.Serious side effects may includestomach bleeding,kidney failure,heart attacks,bronchospasm,heart failure, andanaphylaxis.Use is not recommended during the last part ofpregnancyor duringbreastfeeding.Ketorolac works by blockingcyclooxygenase1 and 2 (COX1 and COX2), thereby decreasing production ofprostaglandins. Ketorolac was patented in 1976 and approved for medical use in 1989. It is available as ageneric medication. In 2023, it was the 228th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than onemillion prescriptions. Due to a series of deaths due to gastrointestinal bleeding and kidney failure, ketorolac as a pain medication was removed from the German market in 1993.When ketorolac was introduced into Germany, it was often used as anopioidreplacement in pain therapy because its side effects were perceived as much less severe, it did not produce anydependence, and a dose was effective for 7–8 hours, compared to morphine's 3–4 hours. As a very potent prostaglandin inhibitor, ketorolac diminishes the kidney's own defenses againstvasoconstriction-related effects, e.g. during blood loss or high endogenouscatecholaminelevels.