BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE

USDailyMed:Bupropion AU:B2 N06AX12(WHO) AU:S4(Prescription only)BR:Class C1(Other controlled substances)CA:℞-onlyUK:POM(Prescription only)US:℞-onlyEU:Rx-onlySE: Rx-onlyIn general: Prescription only SE: Rx-onlyIn general: Prescription only (RS)-2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one 34911-55-2Y[PubChem]31677-93-7 (HCl)905818-69-1HBr) 444 7135 DB01156Y 431Y 01ZG3TPX31 D07591Yas HCl:D00817Y CHEBI:3219Y ChEMBL894Y DTXSID7022706 Interactive image O=C(C(C)NC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 InChI=1S/C13H18ClNO/c1-9(15-13(2,3)4)12(16)10-6-5-7-11(14)8-10/h5-9,15H,1-4H3YKey:SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-NY Bupropion, formerly calledamfebutamone,and sold under the brand nameWellbutrinamong others, is anatypical antidepressantthat is indicated in the treatment ofmajor depressive disorderandseasonal affective disorderand to supportsmoking cessation.It is anorepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor(NDRI).‍​‍‍‍​‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍​‍ Some evidence-based guidelines supportfirst-lineuse.It is also popular as anadd-onmedication in the cases of "incomplete response" to the first-lineselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI) antidepressant.Bupropion has several features that distinguish it from other antidepressants: It does not usually cause sexual dysfunction,it is not associated with weight gainorsleepiness,and it is more effective than SSRIs at improving symptoms ofhypersomniaand fatigue.Bupropion, particularly the immediate-release formulation, carries a higher risk ofseizurethan many other antidepressants; hence, caution is recommended in patients with a history ofseizure disorder.The medication is takenby mouth. Commonadverse effectsof bupropion with the greatest difference fromplaceboaredry mouth,nausea,constipation,insomnia,anxiety,tremor, andexcessive sweating.Raisedblood pressureis notable.Rare but serious side effects includeseizures,liver toxicity,psychosis,and risk ofoverdose.Bupropion use duringpregnancymay be associated with increased likelihood ofcongenital heart defects. Bupropion acts as anorepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor(NDRI) and anicotinic receptor antagonist.However, its effects ondopamineare weak and clinical significance is contentious.Chemically, bupropion is anaminoketonethat belongs to theclassofsubstituted cathinonesand more generally that ofsubstituted amphetaminesandsubstituted phenethylamines. Bupropion was invented byNariman Mehta, who worked atBurroughs Wellcome, in 1969.It was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1985.Bupropion was originally called by the generic name amfebutamone, before being renamed in 2000.In 2023, it was the seventeenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States and the third most common antidepressant, with more than 30million prescriptions.It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.In 2022, the USFood and Drug Administration(FDA) approved the combinationdextromethorphan/bupropionto serve as a rapid-actingantidepressantin patients withmajor depressive disorder.