Minoxidil Topical

USDailyMed:Minoxidil AU:C C02DC01(WHO)D11AX01(WHO) AU:S4(Prescription only) / S2UK:General sales list(GSL, OTC) / POMUS:OTC/ Rx-only 2,6-diamino-4-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine 1-oxide 38304-91-5 4201 4254 DB00350 10438564 5965120SH1 D00418 CHEBI:6942 ChEMBL802 MXD (PDBe,RCSB PDB) DTXSID9040685 Interactive image Nc1cc(nc(N)[n+]1[O-])N2CCCCC2 InChI=1S/C9H15N5O/c10-7-6-8(12-9(11)14(7)15)13-4-2-1-3-5-13/h6H,1-5,10H2,(H2,11,12)Key:ZFMITUMMTDLWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Minoxidil, sold under the brand namesLonitenandRogaineamong others, is amedicationused for the treatment ofhigh blood pressureandhair loss.It may also be usedoff-labelto promotebeard growthand treatnail problems.The drug promoteshair growth, but its effects are fully reversible and it does not slow or prevent hair loss.It is available as ageneric medicationby prescription inoraltabletform andover-the-count​​​‍​​‍​​​​‍​​‍‍eras atopicalliquid or foam.Oral minoxidil is used at high doses to treat high blood pressure and at low doses to treat hair loss, while topical minoxidil is used exclusively for hair loss and related indications.Extended-releaseoral minoxidilandsublingualminoxidil formulations for hair loss are also being studied and developed. Side effectsof oral minoxidil may includelow blood pressure,water retentionandedema,salt retention,rapid heartbeat,dizziness,lightheadedness,excessive hair growth, and temporary hair shedding, among others.Adverse effects of topical minoxidil includeskin irritation,itching,dandruff, and temporary hair shedding, among others.Rare but serious adverse effects of oral minoxidil includepericardial effusion,pleural effusion,cardiac tamponade, othercardiovascular complications, andpseudoacromegaly, among others.Minoxidil is aprodrugofminoxidil sulfate, which acts as aKATPpotassium channel openertowiden blood vesselsand increase hair growth.The effects of minoxidil aredose-dependentlysimilar to the symptoms ofCantú syndrome. Minoxidil was discovered in 1963 and was introduced for treatment of high blood pressure in 1979.It was unexpectedly found to cause hair growth in 1971, resulting in it being repurposed for treatment of hair loss and approved in topical form for this use in 1988.Topical minoxidil became availableover-the-counterin 1996.Low-dose oral minoxidil (LDOM) emerged for treatment of hair loss in 2015and dramatically increased in popularity starting in 2022.Extended-release oral minoxidil and sublingual minoxidil were developed in the 2020s for hair loss and are in late-stage trials.Aside from its use in humans, minoxidil is extremelytoxictocatsanddogseven in small amounts.