ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

67-63-0Y Interactive image CHEBI:17824Y ChEMBL582Y 3644Y D00137Y 3776 NT8050000 ND2M416302Y DTXSID7020762 InChI=1S/C3H7OH/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H3YKey: KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-NY CC(O)C 12800mg/kg (dermal, rabbit)3600mg/kg (oral, mouse)5000mg/kg (oral, rat)2364mg/kg (oral, rabbit) 53,000mg/m3(inhalation, mouse)12,000ppm (rat, 8h) 16,000ppm (rat, 4h)12,800ppm (mouse, 3h) Isopropyl alcohol(IUPACnamepropan-2-oland also calledisopropanolor2-propanol, commonly abbreviated asIPA) is acolorless,flammable,organic compoundwith a pungentodor. Isopropyl alcohol, an organicpolar molecule, ismiscibleinwater,ethanol, andchloroform, demonstrating its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances includingethyl cellulose,polyvinyl butyral, oils,alkaloids, and naturalresins.‍​‍‍‍​‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍​‍ Notably, it is notmisciblewith salt solutions and can be separated by addingsodium chloridein a process known assalting out. It forms anazeotropewith water, resulting in aboiling pointof 80.37 °C and is characterized by its slightly bitter taste. Isopropyl alcohol becomesviscousat lower temperatures, freezing at −89.5 °C, and has significantultraviolet-visible absorbance at 205 nm. Chemically, it can be oxidized toacetoneor undergo various reactions to form compounds such asisopropoxides, e.g.aluminium isopropoxide. As anisopropylgroup linked to ahydroxylgroup (chemical formula(CH3)2CHOH) it is the simplest example of asecondary alcohol, where thealcoholcarbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms. It is astructural isomerofpropan-1-olandethyl methyl ether, all of which share the formulaC3H8O. It was first synthesized in 1853 byAlexander William Williamsonand later produced forcorditepreparation. It is produced through hydration ofpropeneorhydrogenationof acetone, with modern processes achieving anhydrous alcohol throughazeotropic distillation. Isopropyl alcohol serves in medical settings as arubbing alcoholandhand sanitizer, and in industrial and household applications as a solvent. It is a common ingredient in products such asantiseptics,disinfectants, anddetergents. More than a million tonnes are produced worldwide annually. Isopropyl alcohol poses safety risks due to its flammability and potential forperoxideformation. Its ingestion or absorption leads to toxic effects includingcentral nervous system depressionandcoma.