Eszopiclone - Indications, Dosage, Side Effects and Precautions

USDailyMed:EszopicloneUSFDA:Eszopiclone N05CF04(WHO) BR:Class B1(Psychoactive drugs)US:Schedule IV (S)-(+)-6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridinyl)-7-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl-4-methyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate 138729-47-2Y 969472 7429 DB00402Y 839530Y UZX80K71OE D02624Y CHEBI:53760Y ChEMBL1522Y DTXSID8046086 Interactive image O=C(O[C@H]3c1nccnc1C(=O)N3c2ncc(Cl)cc2)N4CCN(C)CC4 InChI=1S/C17H17ClN6O3/c1-22-6-8-23(9-7-22)17(26)27-16-14-13(19-4-5-20-14)15(25)24(16)12-3-2-11(18)10-21-12/h2-5,10,16H,6-9H2,1H3/t16-/m0/s1YKey:GBBSUAFBMRNDJC-INIZCTEOSA-NY Eszopiclone, sold under the brand nameLunestaamong others, is anonbenzodiazepinemedicationused in the treatment of short-term and long-terminsomnia.‍‍‍‍‍‍​​​‍​​​​​​ It is one of the fewFDA-approved hypnotic medications with a controlled substance designation that does not have restrictions on its length of use.Evidence supports benefits up to six months, with some studies suggesting similar efficacy after 12 months.It is takenby mouth. Eszopiclone's primary mechanism of action involves enhancing the natural effect ofGABA receptorsby acting as apositive allosteric modulatoronGABA-Aexpressing neurons. Common side effects include headache,dry mouth, nausea, and dizziness.Severe side effects may includesuicidal thoughts,hallucinations, andangioedema.Rapid decreasing of the dose may result in withdrawal.Eszopiclone is classified as anonbenzodiazepineorZ-drugand asedativeandhypnoticof thecyclopyrrolonegroup.It is the S-stereoisomerofzopiclone. Approved for medical use in the United States in 2004,eszopiclone is available as ageneric medication.In 2020, it was the 232nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions.Eszopiclone is not sold in the European Union; as of 2009, theEuropean Medicines Agency(EMA) ruled that it was too similar tozopicloneto be considered a new active substance.