LIVERECTUM INJECTION

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)Toxin-induced hepatitisDrug-induced hepatitisDrug-induced hepatic necrosisDrug-induced hepatic fibrosisDrug-induced hepatic granulomaToxic liver disease with hepatitisToxic liver disease with cholestasisToxic hepatitisToxic liver diseaseToxin-induced liver diseaseDrug-induced liver diseaseDrug-induced liver damageHepatogenous poisoning Hepatotoxicityrefers to chemical-drivenliverdamage.Drug-induced liver injury(DILI) is a cause of acute and chronicliver diseasecaused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents. Certain medicinal agents when taken inoverdoses(e.g.paracetamol, sometimes calledacetaminophen), and sometimes even when introduced withintherapeutic ranges(e.g.halothane), may injure the organ. Other chemical agents, such as those used in laboratories and industries, natural chemicals (e.g.,alpha-amanitin), andherbal remedies(two prominent examples beingkava, though the causal mechanism is unknown, andcomfrey, through pyrrolizidine alkaloid content) can also induce hepatotoxicity. Chemicals that cause liver injury are calledhepatotoxins. More than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury(see LiverTox, external link, below) and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market. Hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury also account for a substantial number of compound failures, highlighting the need for toxicity prediction models (e.g. DTI),and drug screening assays, such asstem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells, that are capable of detecting toxicity early in thedrug developmentprocess.Chemicals often causesubclinicalinjury to the liver, which manifests only as abnormalliver enzyme tests. Drug-induced liver injury is responsible for 5% of all hospital admissions and 50% of allacute liver failures.