What is Chlorocyclinum 3% used for?

Hypersensitivity to the active substance, benzimidazole derivatives, or any excipient of the product.

What is the active ingredient in Chlorocyclinum 3%?

Chlortetracyclini hydrochloridum (Chlortetracyclini hydrochloridum)

What pharmaceutical form is Chlorocyclinum 3% available in?

Chlorocyclinum 3%: Maść 30 mg/g (na skórę)

Is Chlorocyclinum 3% OTC or prescription only?

Chlorocyclinum 3% requires a doctor's prescription.

What are the side effects of Chlorocyclinum 3%?

Adverse reactions were observed in approximately 5% of patients. Adverse effects are classified by frequency as follows: very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10), uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100), rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000), very rare (< 1/10,000), not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data). Blood and lymphatic system disorders. Rare: agranulocytosis. Very rare: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia. Immune system disorders. Rare: hypersensitivity reactions

Does Chlorocyclinum 3% interact with other medications?

Medicinal products with pH-dependent absorption. Due to the profound and prolonged inhibition of hydrochloric acid secretion, pantoprazole may affect the absorption of medicinal products for which gastric pH is an important factor in their bioavailability (e.g. certain antifungal agents such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, or other medicinal products such as erlotinib). HIV protease inhibitors. Concomitant use of pantoprazole with HIV protease inhibitors (such as a

Can Chlorocyclinum 3% be used during pregnancy?

Pregnancy. Available data regarding the use of Nolpaza® in pregnant women indicate no embryotoxicity or foeto/neonatal toxicity. Reproductive toxicity was observed in animal studies. As a precautionary measure, use of Nolpaza® should be avoided during pregnancy. Breastfeeding. Animal studies have shown excretion of pantoprazole into breast milk. There are insufficient data on excretion of pantoprazole into human breast milk, although such excretion has been reported. A risk to

Who manufactures Chlorocyclinum 3%?

Chema-Elektromet Spółdzielnia Pracy (Polska)

What ATC class does Chlorocyclinum 3% belong to?

Chlorocyclinum 3%: ATC D06AA02. ATC is the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification — it groups drugs by organ system and pharmacological mechanism.

Chlorocyclinum 3%

This information is for educational purposes only. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.

Pharmacodynamics. Mechanism of action.‍‍‍‍‍ Pantoprazole is a substituted benzimidazole that inhibits hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach by specifically blocking the proton pumps of parietal cells. Pantoprazole is converted to its active form in the acidic environment of parietal cells, where it inhibits the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase enzyme, thereby blocking the final step of hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. The inhibition is dose-dependent and affects both basal and stimulated acid secretion. Most patients become symptom-free within 2 weeks. Administration of pantoprazole, as with other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H₂-receptor antagonists, reduces gastric acidity and thereby increases gastrin secretion in proportion to the reduction in acidity. The increase in gastrin secretion is reversible. Since pantoprazole binds the enzyme distally to the cellular receptor, it can inhibit hydrochloric acid secretion regardless of stimulation by other substances (acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin). The effect is the same whether the drug is administered orally or intravenously. Fasting gastrin levels increase during pantoprazole treatment. During short-term use, they do not exceed the upper limit of normal in most cases. During long-term treatment, gastrin levels double in most cases. Excessive increases occur only in isolated cases. As a result, in a small number of cases during long-term treatment, a mild to moderate increase in specific endocrine (ECL) cells in the stomach is observed (similar to adenomatoid hyperplasia). However, according to studies conducted to date, the formation of neuroendocrine tumour precursor cells (atypical hyperplasia) or neuroendocrine tumours of the stomach, which were observed in animal studies, has not been found in humans. Based on the results of animal studies, an effect of long-term (more than one year) pantoprazole treatment on endocrine parameters of the thyroid gland cannot be excluded. During treatment with antisecretory medicinal products, serum gastrin levels increase in response to decreased acid secretion. In addition, chromogranin A (CgA) levels increase due to decreased gastric acidity. Elevated CgA levels may interfere with diagnostic investigations for neuroendocrine tumours. Available published data suggest that PPI therapy should be discontinued for a period of 5 days to 2 weeks before CgA measurements. This allows CgA levels to return to the normal range, which may be falsely elevated following PPI therapy. Pharmacokinetics. Absorption. Pantoprazole is rapidly absorbed, and maximum plasma concentrations are achieved after a single oral dose of 40 mg. The maximum serum concentration of approximately 2–3 µg/mL is reached on average 2.5 hours after administration; the concentration remains stable after repeated dosing. Pharmacokinetic properties do not change after single or repeated administration. In the dose range of 10 to 80 mg, plasma pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole are linear after both oral and intravenous administration. The absolute bioavailability of the tablets is approximately 77%. Concomitant food intake does not affect AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) or maximum serum concentration, and therefore does not affect bioavailability. Only the variability of the lag time increases with concomitant food intake. Distribution. Serum protein binding of pantoprazole is approximately 98%. The volume of distribution is approximately 0.15 L/kg. Biotransformation. The substance is metabolised almost exclusively in the liver. The main metabolic pathway is demethylation by CYP2C19 with subsequent sulphate conjugation; other metabolic pathways include oxidation by CYP3A4. Elimination. The terminal half-life is approximately 1 hour, and the clearance is 0.1 L/hr/kg. A few cases of delayed elimination have been noted. Due to the specific binding of pantoprazole to the proton pumps of parietal cells, the half-life does not correlate with the much longer duration of action (acid secretion inhibition). The majority of pantoprazole metabolites are excreted renally (approximately 80%), the remainder is excreted in faeces. The main metabolite in both serum and urine is desmethylpantoprazole conjugated with sulphate. The half-life of the main metabolite (approximately 1.5 hours) is not much longer than that of pantoprazole. Special patient populations. Poor metabolisers. Approximately 3% of Europeans lack functional CYP2C19 enzyme activity; they are called poor metabolisers. In these individuals, pantoprazole metabolism is probably mainly catalysed by CYP3A4. After a single dose of 40 mg pantoprazole, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve was approximately 6-fold greater in poor metabolisers than in subjects with functionally active CYP2C19 enzyme (extensive metabolisers). The mean peak plasma concentration was increased by approximately 60%. These findings do not affect the dosing of pantoprazole. Renal impairment. No dose reduction is recommended when pantoprazole is administered to patients with impaired renal function (including patients on dialysis). As in healthy subjects, the half-life of pantoprazole is short. Only very small amounts of pantoprazole are dialysed. Although the main metabolite has a moderately prolonged half-life (2–3 hours), elimination is still rapid, so accumulation does not occur. Hepatic impairment. Although in patients with liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh classes A and B) the half-life increases to 7–9 hours and AUC increases 5- to 7-fold, the maximum serum concentration increases only slightly — by a factor of 1.5 compared with healthy volunteers. Elderly patients. A slight increase in AUC and Cmax in elderly volunteers compared with younger volunteers is also of no clinical significance.

⚠️ Warnings

Hepatic impairment.‍‍‍‍‍ Patients with severe hepatic impairment should have their liver enzyme levels monitored regularly, especially during long-term treatment. If liver enzyme levels increase, treatment with the medicinal product should be discontinued. Combination therapy. When used as combination therapy, the instructions for use of the respective medicinal products should be followed. Gastric malignancy. Symptomatic response to pantoprazole may mask the symptoms of gastric malignancy and delay their diagnosis. In the presence of alarm symptoms (e.g. significant weight loss, recurrent vomiting, dysphagia, haematemesis, anaemia, melaena), as well as when gastric ulcer is suspected or confirmed, the presence of a malignant process should be excluded. If symptoms persist despite adequate treatment, further investigation should be considered. HIV protease inhibitors. Concomitant use of pantoprazole with HIV protease inhibitors (such as atazanavir), whose absorption is dependent on intragastric pH, is not recommended due to a significant reduction in their bioavailability (see section "Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction"). Effect on vitamin B₁₂ absorption Pantoprazole may reduce the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin) due to hypo- or achlorhydria. This should be taken into account in patients with reduced body weight or risk factors for decreased vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin) absorption, especially during long-term treatment or in the presence of relevant clinical symptoms. Long-term treatment. During long-term treatment, especially exceeding 1 year, patients should be kept under regular medical supervision. Gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria Treatment with the medicinal product may slightly increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria such as Salmonella and Campylobacter or C. difficile. Hypomagnesaemia. Rare cases of severe hypomagnesaemia have been reported in patients treated with PPIs such as pantoprazole for at least 3 months, and in most cases for one year. Serious clinical manifestations of hypomagnesaemia, which may develop insidiously, include fatigue, tetany, delirium, convulsions, dizziness, and ventricular arrhythmia. Hypomagnesaemia may lead to hypocalcaemia and/or hypokalaemia (see section "Special warnings and precautions for use"). In cases of hypomagnesaemia (and hypocalcaemia and/or hypokalaemia associated with hypomagnesaemia), in most patients the condition improved after magnesium replacement therapy and discontinuation of PPI treatment. For patients expected to be on prolonged treatment, or those taking PPIs concomitantly with digoxin or medicinal products that may cause hypomagnesaemia (e.g. diuretics), magnesium levels should be measured before initiating PPI therapy and periodically during treatment. Bone fractures. Long-term treatment (more than 1 year) with high-dose proton pump inhibitors may moderately increase the risk of hip, wrist, and spine fractures, predominantly in elderly patients or in the presence of other risk factors. Observational studies suggest that PPI use may increase the overall risk of fractures by 10–40%. Some of this increase may be due to other risk factors. Patients at risk of developing osteoporosis should receive treatment in accordance with current clinical guidelines and should have adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) Severe cutaneous adverse reactions have been reported with the use of pantoprazole, including erythema multiforme, cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome), which may be life-threatening or fatal. The frequency of these reactions is not known (see section "Adverse reactions"). When prescribing pantoprazole, patients should be informed about the signs and symptoms, and cutaneous reactions should be closely monitored. If symptoms suggestive of these severe cutaneous reactions appear, pantoprazole should be discontinued immediately and alternative treatment should be considered. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The use of proton pump inhibitors has been associated with very rare cases of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. If lesions occur, especially in sun-exposed areas of the skin, accompanied by arthralgia, the patient should seek prompt medical attention, and the physician should consider whether discontinuation of Nolpaza® is necessary. The occurrence of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus during prior PPI therapy may increase the risk of its development with other proton pump inhibitors. Effect on laboratory test results. Elevated chromogranin A (CgA) levels may interfere with diagnostic investigations for neuroendocrine tumours. To avoid such interference, Nolpaza® treatment should be temporarily discontinued at least 5 days before CgA level assessment (see section "Pharmacodynamics"). If CgA and gastrin levels have not returned to the normal range after initial measurement, repeat measurements should be performed 14 days after discontinuation of PPI therapy. Information regarding excipients Nolpaza® contains sorbitol. Patients with rare hereditary fructose intolerance should not use this product.

Chlorocyclinum 3%

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