Dilute iodine tincture

126.90447±0.00003126.90±0.01(abridged) 1st: 1008.4 kJ/mol2nd: 1845.9 kJ/mol3rd: 3180 kJ/mol ve viewtalkedit Iodineis achemical element; it hassymbolIandatomic number53. The heaviest of thestablehalogens, it exists atstandard conditionsas a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid that melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 °C (237 °F), and boils to a violet gas at 184 °C (363 °F). The element was discovered by the French chemistBernard Courtoisin 1811 and was named two years later byJoseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after theAncient GreekΙώδης, meaning 'violet'. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, includingiodide(I−),iodate(IO−3), and the variousperiodateanions. As the heaviest essentialmineral nutrient, iodine is required for the synthesis ofthyroid hormones.Iodine deficiencyaffects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause ofintellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment toorganic compounds, it has also found favour as a non-toxicradiocontrastmaterial. Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treatthyroid cancer. Iodine is also used as acatalystin the industrial production ofacetic acidand somepolymers. It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.