Aescin

In various experimental models, it has been demonstrated that the triterpenoid glycoside mixture aescin, the principal constituent of the dry extract of horse chestnut seeds, has anti-exudative and capillary-sealing activity. It has been observed that horse chestnut seed extract reduces the activity of lysosomal enzymes, whose a‍‍‍‍‍‍​​​‍​​​​​​ctivity is increased in chronic venous diseases, thereby inhibiting the breakdown of glycocalyx (mucopolysaccharides) in the capillary wall. By reducing vascular permeability, the filtration of low molecular weight proteins, electrolytes, and water into the interstitial space is prevented. In placebo-controlled pharmacological studies in humans, a significant reduction in transcapillary filtration has been demonstrated, and in several double-blind, randomised or crossover studies, a significant improvement in the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (sensation of tiredness, heaviness and tension, pruritus, pain and oedema of the legs) has been shown.