Ciclosporin (cyclosporine A) is an immunosuppressant used to prevent transplant rejection. It is also indicated in other conditions involving an immune-mediated component, such as severe psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Oral formulations are typically taken twice daily, independent of meals. The most common adverse effects include renal impairment, tremor, hirsutism, hypertension, and gingival hyperplasia. Because of its immunosuppressive action, there is an increased risk of infections and neoplasms. Ciclosporin has a high potential for drug interactions and is a substrate of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein.
Ciclosporin (ATC L04AD01) has immunosuppressive properties and thereby prolongs graft survival. It is a calcineurin inhibitor that acts primarily on lymphocytes (T cells). It crosses the cell membrane and binds to cyclophilin. This complex inhibits the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which is involved in the gene activation and transcription of mediators such as the interleukins (e.g., IL-2).
⚠️ Warnings
• Caution should be exercised in patients with history of kidney, liver impairment, anaphylaxis, any allergy, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Monitor blood pressure, serum electrolytes, kidney and liver function regularly while taking this medication.
