AMANTADINE LEVEL

USDailyMed:Amantadine AU:B3 N04BB01(WHO) AU:S4(Prescription only)BR:Class C1(Other controlled substances)CA:℞-onlyUK:POM(Prescription only)US:℞-onlyCN:OTC Adamantan-1-amine 768-94-5Yas HCl:665-66-7 2130as HCl:64150 4128 DB00915Yas HCl:DBSALT000203 2045Yas HCl:57724 BF4C9Z1J53as HCl:M6Q1EO9TD0 D07441Yas HCl:D00777Y CHEBI:2618Yas HCl:CHEBI:2619 ChEMBL660Yas HCl:ChEMBL1569 DTXSID8022117 Interactive image C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)N InChI=1S/C10H17N/c11-10-4-7-1-8(5-10)3-9(2-7)6-10/h7-9H,1-6,11H2YKey:DKNWSYNQZKUICI-UHFFFAOYSA-NY Amantadine, sold under the brand nameGocovriamong others, is amedicationused to treatdyskinesiaassociated withparkinsonismandinfluenza caused by type A influenzavirus, though its use for the latter is no longer recommended because of widespreaddrug resistance.It is also used for a variety of other conditions. The drug is takenby mouth. Amantadine has a mildside-effectprofile. Common neurological side effects includedrowsiness,lightheadedness,dizziness, andconfusion.Because of its effects on thecentral nervous system(CNS), it should be combined cautiously with additional CNSstimulantsoranticholinergicdrugs. Given that it iscleared by the kidneys, amantadine is contraindicated in persons withend-stage kidney disease.Due to its anticholinergic effects, it should be taken with caution by those withenlarged prostatesorglaucoma. Thepharmacologyof amantadine is complex.It acts as asigma σ1receptoragonist,nicotinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator,dopaminergic agent, and weakNMDA receptor antagonist, among other actions.The precisemechanism of actionof its therapeutic effects in the treatment of CNS disorders is unclear.Theantiviralmechanism of action is inhibition of the influenza virus AM2 proton channel, which prevents endosomal escape (i.e., the release of viral genetic material into the host cytoplasm).Amantadine is anadamantanederivativeand is related tomemantineandrimantadine. Amantadine was first used for the treatment ofinfluenza A.After its antiviral properties were initially reported in 1963, amantadine received approval forprophylaxisagainst the influenza virus A in 1966.In 1968, its antiparkinsonian effects were serendipitously discovered.In 1973, theFood and Drug Administration(FDA) approved amantadine for use in the treatment ofParkinson's disease.In 2020, theextended-release formulationwas approved for use in the treatment oflevodopa-induced dyskinesia.