Recombinant adsorbed bivalent human papillomavirus-like particle vaccine

VaccinationVaccinatorVaccineVaccine trialCOVID-19 vaccine card SmallpoxPolioChicken poxMeasles/Mumps/RubellaInfluenzaEbolaCOVID-19 Vaccine equityVaccine hesitancyVaccine misinformationAnti-vaccine activismVaccine line jumpingVaccine resistance vte Avaccineis a biologicalpreparationthat provides activeacquired immunityto a particularinfectiousormalignantdisease.The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified.A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates theimmune systemto recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize further and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Vaccines can beprophylactic(to prevent or alleviate the effects of a futureinfectionby a natural or "wild"pathogen), ortherapeutic(to fight a disease that has already occurred, such ascancer).Some vaccines offer fullsterilizing immunity, in which infection is prevented. The administration of vaccines is calledvaccination. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases;widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for theworldwide eradicationofsmallpoxand the restriction of diseases such aspolio,measles, andtetanusfrom much of the world. TheWorld Health Organization(WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are available for twenty-five differentpreventable infections. The first recorded use ofinoculationto prevent smallpox (seevariolation) occurred in the 16th century in China, with the earliest hints of the practice in China coming during the 10th century.It was also the first disease for which a vaccine was produced.The folk practice ofinoculationagainstsmallpoxwas brought from Turkey to Britain in 1721 byLady Mary Wortley Montagu.The termsvaccineandvaccinationare derived fromVariolae vaccinae(smallpox of the cow), the term devised byEdward Jenner(who both developed the concept of vaccines and created the first vaccine) to denotecowpox. He used the phrase in 1798 for the long title of hisInquiry into the Variolae vaccinae Known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.In 1881, to honor Jenner,Louis Pasteurproposed that the terms should be extended to cover the new protective inoculations then being developed.The science of vaccine development and production is termedvaccinology.