Ciclosporin

USDailyMed:Cyclosporine AU:C L04AD01(WHO)S01XA18(WHO) AU:S4(Prescription only)CA:℞-onlyUK:POM(Prescription only)US:℞-onlyEU:Rx-onlyIn general: ℞ (Prescription only) (3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18S,21S,24S,30S,33S)-30-Ethyl-33-[(1R,2R,4E)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl]-6,9,18,24-tetraisobutyl-3,21-diisopropyl-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecaazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone 59865-13-3Y 5284373 1024 DB00091N 4447449Y 83HN0GTJ6D D00184Y CHEBI:4031 ChEMBL160Y PRD_000142 (PDBe,RCSB PDB) DTXSID0020365 Interactive image CC[C@H]1C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C/C=C/C)O)C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C)C InChI=1S/C62H111N11O12/c1-25-27-28-40(15)52(75)51-56(79)65-43(26-2)58(81)67(18)33-48(74)68(19)44(29-34(3)4)55(78)66-49(38(11)12)61(84)69(20)45(30-35(5)6)54(77)63-41(16)53(76)64-42(17)57(80)70(21)46(31-36(7)8)59(82)71(22)47(32-37(9)10)60(83)72(23)50(39(13)14)62(85)73(51)24/h25,27,34-47,49-52,75H,26,28-33H2,1-24H3,(H,63,77)(H,64,76)(H,65,79)(H,66,78)/b27-25+/t40-,41+,42-,43+,44+,45+,46+,47+,49+,50+,51+,52-/m1/s1YKey:PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-NY Ciclosporin, also spelledcyclosporineandcyclosporin, is acalcineurin inhibitor, used as animmunosuppressant medication. It is takenorallyorintravenouslyforrheumatoid arthritis,psoriasis,Crohn's disease,nephrotic syndrome,eczema, and inorgan transplantsto preventrejection.It is also used aseye dropsforkeratoconjunctivitis sicca(dry eyes). Common side effects include high blood pressure, headache,kidney problems, increased hair growth, and vomiting.Other severe side effects include an increased risk of infection, liver problems, and an increased risk oflymphoma.Blood levels of the medication should be checked to decrease the risk of side effects.Use duringpregnancymay result inpreterm birth; however, ciclosporin does not appear to causebirth defects. Ciclosporin is believed to work by decreasing the function oflymphocytes.It does this by forming a complex withcyclophilinto block thephosphataseactivity ofcalcineurin, which in turn decreases the production ofinflammatory cytokinesbyT-lymphocytes. Ciclosporin was isolated in 1971 from thefungusTolypocladium inflatumand came into medical use in 1983.It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.In 2023, it was the 179th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2million prescriptions.It is available as ageneric medication.