Tim hieu ve thuoc dieu tri tieu duong

Tieu duong anh huong den hon 500 trieu nguoi tren the gioi, va kiem soat duong huyet thuong can dung thuoc. Boi canh dieu tri da mo rong dang ke trong nhung nam gan day.

Metformin van la tieu chuan vang cho tieu duong type 2. Hoat dong bang cach giam san xuat glucose o gan va cai thien do nhay insulin. Khong gay ha duong huyet hay tang can. Tac dung phu pho bien nhat la roi loan tieu hoa.

Sulfonylurea (glimepiride, gliclazide) kich thich tuy tiet insulin. Hieu qua va re nhung co nguy co ha duong huyet va tang can. Meglitinide (repaglinide) hoat dong tuong tu nhung ngan hon.

Dong van GLP-1 (semaglutide/Ozempic, liraglutide/Victoza) da thay doi dieu tri. Kich thich insulin chi khi duong huyet cao, lam cham lam rong da day, thuc day giam can (5-15%) va cho thay bao ve tim mach. Tiem hang tuan hoac hang ngay.

Thuoc uc che SGLT2 (empagliflozin/Jardiance, dapagliflozin/Forxiga) chan tai hap thu glucose o than. Ngoai kiem soat duong huyet, cung cap bao ve tim va than va thuc day giam can. Luu y: tang nguy co nhiem trung duong tieu.

Insulin la thiet yeu cho tat ca benh nhan tieu duong type 1 va nhieu type 2. Cac loai insulin:

- Tac dung nhanh (lispro, aspart) — bat dau 15 phut

- Tac dung keo dai (glargine/Lantus) — 24 gio

- Tac dung sieu dai (degludec/Tresiba) — 42+ gio

Bao quan dung cach va luan phien vi tri tiem la rat quan trong.

Dieu tri tieu duong khong phai la mot kich co phu hop tat ca. Ke hoach nen duoc xem xet thuong xuyen dua tren HbA1c, kieu mau duong huyet, tac dung phu va yeu to nguy co. Khong bao gio thay doi thuoc ma khong hoi bac si.