Isifo Sohlangothi (Stroke): Siyini, Izimpawu Zexwayiso, Nokuthi Kungani Ukushesha Kubalulekile

Isifo sohlangothi (stroke) senzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho kuphazamiseka, ngakho izicubu zobuchopho azitholi umoya-mpilo (oksijini) nezakhamzimba ezizidingayo. I-NHLBI ithi isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kumiswa, kanti i-NHS ichaza isifo sohlangothi njengesikhathi lapho igazi liyeka ukugeleza kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho. Yomibili le mithombo igcizelela ukuthi isifo sohlangothi siwukuphuthuma kwezempilo ngoba singabangela umonakalo wobuchopho ohlala isikhathi eside, ukukhubazeka, noma ukufa.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngesifo sohlangothi ukuthi izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngokuzumayo. I-NINDS, i-NHLBI, i-NHS, kanye ne-National Institute on Aging zonke zichaza ubuthakathaka bobuso obuzumayo, ubuthakathaka bengalo, inkinga yokukhuluma, izinkinga zokubona, isiyezi, izinkinga zokulinganisela umzimba, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu njengezimpawu zexwayiso ezinkulu.

Isifo sohlangothi akusona nje 'ukuzwa isiyezi' noma 'ukuba nekhanda elibuhlungu.' Kuyinkinga ngokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. I-NHS ithi isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho igazi liyeka ukugeleza kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho, kanti i-NHLBI ithi isifo sohlangothi singabangela umonakalo wobuchopho ohlala isikhathi eside, ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside, noma ukufa.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ubuchopho buncike ekunikezweni kwegazi okungapheli. Lapho lokho kunikezwa kuphazamiseka, ngisho nesikhashana nje, izingxenye zobuchopho zingayeka ukusebenza kahle, yingakho isifo sohlangothi singathinta ukunyakaza, ukukhuluma, ukubona, ukulinganisela umzimba, inkumbulo, kanye nokucabanga.

Indlela esemthethweni elula kunazo zonke yokukhumbula izimpawu zexwayiso ezivame kakhulu yi-FAST. I-NHS ithi i-FAST imelela: Face (Ubuso) — uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso lungawa futhi kungaba nzima ukumamatheka; Arms (Izingalo) — umuntu angase ehluleke ukuphakamisa zombili izingalo azigcine ziphakeme ngenxa yobuthakathaka noma ukufa amandla kwengalo eyodwa; Speech (Ukukhuluma) — ukukhuluma kungase kube yinhlanganisela noma kudideke; Time (Isikhathi) — sekuyisikhathi sokushayela ngokushesha izinsizakalo zezimo eziphuthumayo.

I-FAST ibalulekile, kodwa ayisona isithombe esiphelele. I-NINDS, i-NHLBI, ne-NIA nazo zibala: ukufa amandla noma ubuthakathaka okuzumayo, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba; inkinga yokubona ezumayo eyodwa noma kuwo womabili amehlo; isiyezi esizumayo, ukulahlekelwa ukulinganisela umzimba, noma inkinga yokuhamba; ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu elizumayo elingenambangela eyaziwayo; ukudideka okuzumayo, inkinga yokukhuluma, noma inkinga yokuqonda inkulumo.

Lokho kusho ukuthi isifo sohlangothi asibukeki njalo ngokuqondile njengokuwa kobuso nobuthakathaka bengalo. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zokubona, zokulinganisela umzimba, noma zekhanda elibuhlungu yizo ezivelele.

Isikhathi sibalulekile esifweni sohlangothi. I-NHS ithi shayela izinsizakalo zezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi umuntu unesifo sohlangothi, futhi ithi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma izimpawu ziyeka. I-NHLBI ne-NINDS nazo zichaza isifo sohlangothi njengokuphuthuma. Leli ngelinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu asebenzayo: ungalindi ubone ukuthi kuyedlula yini.

Abantu abaningi balindela ukuthi isifo sohlangothi sibe sobala futhi sibe sikhulu. Kodwa izincwadi zomkhankaso we-NHS zixwayisa ukuthi uphawu lokuqala lwesifo sohlangothi lungase lungabukeki lubucayi nokuthi izimpawu zingaba ngezingesabeki, ezingabuhlungu, noma ezingacacile kunalokho abantu abakulindelayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi umuntu angase abonakale edidekile kancane, abe nokuwa kobuso okuncane, asebenze kanzima ukuphakamisa ingalo eyodwa, noma agqagqane kancane lapho ekhuluma. Lezo zimpawu zingaba yisimo esiphuthumayo.

I-transient ischaemic attack, noma i-TIA, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isifo sohlangothi esincane (mini-stroke). I-NHS ithi i-TIA ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesikhashana ekunikezweni kwegazi engxenyeni yobuchopho futhi ingabangela izimpawu ezizumayo ezifana nezesifo sohlangothi. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ukunyamalala kwezimpawu akukwenzi kuphephe ukuziziba. I-NHS ithi thola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha ngisho noma izimpawu sezimile manje.

'Uma izimpawu ziyeka, akusona isimo esibucayi.' Akulona iqiniso. I-NHS ithi izimpawu ezifana nezesifo sohlangothi eziyekayo zisadinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okusheshayo.

'Isifo sohlangothi sihlala sisesabeka futhi sisobala.' Nakho akulona iqiniso. Izincwadi zomkhankaso we-NHS zithi izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingaba ngezingesabeki noma ezingacacile kunalokho okulindelekile.

'Isifo sohlangothi sithinta kuphela abantu abadala.' Izincwadi zomphakathi ze-NINDS ziphawula ukuthi isifo sohlangothi singehlela noma ngubani, ngisho noma usemncane.

'Yinkulumo kuphela noma ubuthakathaka kuphela okubalulekile uma kukhulu.' Akulona iqiniso. Ngisho nophawu olulodwa lwe-FAST lungaba lwanele ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho kumiswa, futhi siwukuphuthuma kwezempilo. Imithombo esemthethweni evela ku-NHS, i-NHLBI, i-NINDS, ne-NIA yonke igcizelela izimpawu zexwayiso eziyinhloko ezifanayo: ukuwa kobuso okuzumayo, ubuthakathaka bengalo obuzumayo, inkinga yokukhuluma ezumayo, izinkinga zokubona ezizumayo, isiyezi noma inkinga yokulinganisela umzimba okuzumayo, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu elizumayo.

Isiphetho esiphephe kakhulu silula: izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ziqala ngokuzumayo, zingase zibe ntofontofo kunalokho okulindelekile, futhi akufanele neze zibukelwe ekhaya 'ukuze nje kubonwe ukuthi kuzokwenzekani.' Ukushesha kuyasiza.

*Lesi sihloko siwukwaziswa kuphela futhi asithathi indawo yezeluleko zezempilo zochwepheshe. Hlala uxoxisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo mayelana nengozi yesifo sohlangothi, ukuvimbela, kanye nokunakekelwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo.*