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Thong tin nay chi mang tinh giao duc. Khong phai loi khuyen y te. Luon tham kham bac si chuyen khoa.
Dau nua dau (migraine) khong chi la dau dau thong thuong. Huong dan nay bao gom cac loai, yeu to khoi phat, dieu tri cap va phong ngua, bao gom cac lieu phap anti-CGRP moi nhat.
Dau nua dau (migraine) la mot roi loan than kinh phuc tap anh huong den khoang 1 ty nguoi tren toan the gioi — la benh pho bien thu ba va nguyen nhan hang dau gay tan phe o nguoi duoi 50 tuoi. Hon ca mot con dau dau thong thuong, migraine bao gom mot chuoi cac su kien than kinh co the gay dau suy nhuoc va roi loan cam giac dang ke.
Migraine khong co tien trieu (aura) (70–80%) — dau dau mot ben dang nhoi, keo dai 4–72 gio, voi buon non, non, so anh sang va so tieng on. Migraine co tien trieu (25–30%) — roi loan than kinh co hoi phuc (thi giac: duong zigzag, chop sang, am diem). Migraine man tinh — dau dau ≥15 ngay/thang trong it nhat 3 thang. Migraine kinh nguyet — lien quan den chu ky kinh nguyet.
Stress, roi loan giac ngu, thay doi noi tiet to, bo bua, ruou (dac biet ruou vang do), cai caffein, anh sang manh, mui manh, thay doi thoi tiet va mat nuoc. Nhat ky migraine rat co gia tri de xac dinh cac kieu ca nhan.
NSAIDs — ibuprofen (400 mg), naproxen (500–750 mg). Triptan — sumatriptan, rizatriptan, eletriptan, zolmitriptan — tieu chuan vang cho migraine trung binh den nang; chong chi dinh khi co benh tim mach. Gepant (doi khang thu the CGRP) — rimegepant, ubrogepant — khong co tac dung co mach. Thuoc chong non (metoclopramid, domperidon).
Thuoc chen beta — propranolol, metoprolol. Topiramat. Amitriptylin. Khang the don dong anti-CGRP — erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab — tiem duoi da hang thang, buoc dot pha trong phong ngua migraine. OnabotulinumtoxinA cho migraine man tinh.
Xay ra khi su dung qua nhieu: thuoc giam dau don gian ≥15 ngay/thang hoac triptan ≥10 ngay/thang trong ≥3 thang. Dieu tri: ngung thuoc lam dung va bat dau phong ngua.
Lieu phap nhan thuc hanh vi, phan hoi sinh hoc, tap the duc hieu khi deu dan. Bo sung: riboflavin (400 mg/ngay), magie (400–600 mg/ngay), coenzym Q10 (300 mg/ngay).
Cac thuoc chinh: sumatriptan, rizatriptan, eletriptan, ibuprofen, naproxen, rimegepant, propranolol, topiramat, amitriptylin, erenumab va galcanezumab. Cac tinh trang lien quan tren PillsCard: dau dau cang co, tram cam, lo au.
Bai viet nay chi mang tinh giao duc. Khong phai loi khuyen y te. Luon tham kham bac si.
Dr. Anna Kowalska is a clinical pharmacist with over 12 years of experience in hospital and community pharmacy settings. She specializes in medication therapy management, drug interactions, and patient safety. Her work focuses on making complex pharmaceutical information accessible to the public.
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